Refinement

Analects 12.8

Original Text:

棘子成曰君子质而已矣何以文为子贡曰惜乎夫子之说君子也驷不及舌文犹质也质犹文也虎豹之鞟犹犬羊之鞟

Translation:

Other Translations:

Ji Zicheng said, “Being a gentleman is simply a matter of having the right native substance, and nothing else. Why must one engage in cultural refinement?”

Zigong replied, “It is regrettable, Sir, that you should speak of the gentleman in this way—as they say, ‘a team of horses cannot overtake your tongue.’

“A gentleman’s cultural refinement resembles his native substance, and his native substance resembles his cultural refinement. The skin of a tiger or leopard, shorn of its fur, is no different from the skin of a dog or sheep.”

Confucius, & Slingerland, E. (2003). Analects: With selections from traditional commentaries. Hackett Publishing.

Ji Zicheng said, The gentleman should have solid qualities and that’s enough. What need is there for refinement?

Zigong said, Regrettable indeed—what you have said, sir, about the gentleman! Refinement is equal in worth to solid qualities, and solid qualities to refinement. Strip the hide of a tiger or a panther of its [patterned fur], and it is no different from that of a dog or a goat.

Confucius, & Watson, B. (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia University Press.

Analects 7.33

Original Text:

子曰文莫吾犹人也躬行君子则吾未之有得

Translation:

Other Translations:

The Master said, “There is no one who is my equal when it comes to cultural refinement, but as for actually becoming a gentleman in practice, this is something that I have not yet been able to achieve.”

Confucius, & Slingerland, E. (2003). Analects: With selections from traditional commentaries. Hackett Publishing.

The Master said, In cultural matters I believe I do as well as others. But as for personally enacting the role of the gentleman—that I am not yet up to.

Confucius, & Watson, B. (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia University Press.

Analects 7.25

Original Text:

子以四教文行忠信

Translation:

Other Translations:

The Master taught four things: cultural refinement, comportment, dutifulness, and trustworthiness.

Confucius, & Slingerland, E. (2003). Analects: With selections from traditional commentaries. Hackett Publishing.

The Master taught four things: culture, behavior, loyalty, trustworthiness.

Confucius, & Watson, B. (2007). The Analects of Confucius. Columbia University Press.